The Union and Its Territories

(Part-1 From Article 1-4)

• India is “Union of States” Not a “Federation of States (USA)
• Name of States and union territories are not mentioned in Part -1.
• Mentioned in First Schedule
• Three types of territory

1. State,
2. UT and
3. Acquired by govt of India – Goa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Puducherry, Sikkim.
   Important Articles
4. Article 1- Name and territory of the Union. India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.
5. Article 2-Admission or establishment of new State
6. Article 2A -Sikkim to be associated with Union (Repealed)

• Ex. Sikkim 35th amendment 1974 (Associate state of India) and 36th amendment 1975 (Complete state of India)

1. Article 3- Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.

• Ex.
  • Chhattisgarh from Madhya Pradesh-formed on 1 Nov 2000
  • Uttarakhand from Utter Pradesh- formed on 9 Nov 2000
  • Jharkhand from Bihar formed on 15 Nov 2000
  • Telangana from Adhra Pradesh formed on 2 June 2014
• Process
  • Bill- Either house of Parliament
  • Must be a Govt. bill by Cabinet minister
  • Prior permission of President required
  • President sends bill to state legislature Opinion of state not binding
  • Both houses pass the bill – Simple majority

1. Article 4- Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.

• Laws made for Article 3 are not to be considered CAA under article-368
• Require only a simple majority through ordinary legislative process.
  Reorganization of states

1. 1948- Dhar Committee-Review of states on language basis rejected by this committee
2. 1948-JVP (Jawahar, Vallabh and Pattabhai) Committee Not agreed to reorganize state on basis of Language)
3. The 1st state of India, Andhra State was created On October 1, 1953. The state carved out the Telugu-speaking districts of Madras State.

• Father of the Andhra movement, aimed to establish a separate Andhra -Potti Sriramulu

9. Fazl Ali Commission:

• 1953 Fazl Ali Commission-Members-Fazl Ali, K.M. Panikkar, HN Kunzru-Submitted report-1955
• It rejected the One Language One State theory
• It abolished the fourfold classification of state which created 16 states and 3 UT
• State Reorganization Act-1956 7th CAA:
  • Part-A, Part-B, Part-C and Part-D state were abolished
  • This commission created 14 states and 6 UT on 1 Nov 1956
  1. States-Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Bombay, Jammu & Kashmir (by the instrument of accession), Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Madras, Mysore, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal.
  2. Union Territories-Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Laccadive, Minicoy & Amindivi Islands, Manipur, and Tripura.
     New State and UT commissioned after 1956

9. 15th State-Gujarat and Maharashtra out of Bombay -1960
10. Dadra and Nagar Haveli- Portuguese ruled this territory until its liberation in 1954. It was administered by its people later it become UT under CAA 10th 1961
11. Goa, Daman and Diu- India acquired these from Portuguese by means of police action in 1961. They become UT under CAA 12th 1962
12. Puducherry- Puducherry, Karaikal (Surrounded by Tamil Nadu), Mahe (by Kerala) and Yanam (by Andhra Pradesh) 14th CAA 1962
13. Nagaland- -16th state 1963
14. Haryana- 17th state from Punjab-1966, Chandigarh UT-1966
15. Himachal Pradesh -18th state from Punjab-1971 (Earlier it was UT in 1966)
16. Manipur-19th Tripura- 20th state Meghalaya-21th state in 1972
17. Sikkim- King Chogyal-1974 desire to associated with India, become 22nd state in 1975 by 36th CAA-Article-371F (Special Status)
18. Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh were UT in 1972, become State 23th Mizoram -1987, 24th Arunachal Pradesh in 1987
19. State-25th Goa Statehood-1987
20. 26th-Chhattisgarh -1 Nov, 27th Uttarakhand -9th Nov, 28th Jharkhand -15 Nov-in 2000.
21. Telangana-2 June 2014
22. The two new UTs, Ladakh (Leh Capital) and J&K (Winter capital-Jammu and Summer Capital-Srinagar) came into existence on (31st October 2019)
23. Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu-26 Jan 2020
24. It is the merger of the former territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu on 26 January 2020.
25. The current capital is Daman and Silvassa is the largest city.
26. There are currently 28 States and 8 UT in India
    Change in the Name-
27. United Provine to Utter Pradesh-1950
28. Madaras to Tamil Nadu-1969
29. Mysore to Karnataka-1973
30. Laccadive to Lakshadweep-1973
31. UT of Delhi to National Capital Territory of Delhi-1992 69th CAA added 239AA article
32. Uttaranchal to Uttarakhand -2006
33. Orissa to Odisha -2011